骨坏死

The bones of the human body are made up of living cells that need a blood supply to stay healthy. In osteonecrosis, blood flow to part of a bone is disrupted. This results in death of bone tissue, and the bone can eventually break down and the joint will collapse. Osteonecrosis is also called: Avascular necrosis. Aseptic necrosis. Ischemic necrosis of bone. Osteonecrosis can happen to any bone, but most often it develops in the ends of long bones, such as the: Thigh bone (femur), especially the upper part—the ball in the hip socket. The lower end, which is part of the knee joint, is also often affected. Upper arm bone (humerus), especially the upper part—the ball in the shoulder joint. When the disease involves part of a bone in a joint, it can lead to the breakdown of the bone and arthritis. Less often, the bones of the elbows, ankles, feet, wrists and hands are affected. The primary symptom of osteonecrosis is pain, and doctors usually diagnose the disease using imaging methods such as x-rays or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Most people require surgical treatment to prevent further bone damage, to protect the bones and joints, and to improve use of the joints.